Apparatus for generating power



T. H. HOLR-OYD. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING POWER. APPLICATION FILED PR.2s. 1917.

1,355,671. Patented Oct. 12,1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented Oct. 12,1920.v

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Zrayd? lillleniirr T. H. HOLRDYD.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING POWER.

-APPLICATION FILED APR.26 1917- 1,355,671

T. H. HOLROYD. APPARATUS F03. GENERATING POWER.

APPLICATION HL ED APR.26, 1917. 1,355,671.

T. H. HOLROYD. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING POWER. APPLICATION FILED APR.26, 1911.

1,355,671. Patented Oct.12,1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WI III/1.

fill/67d?! j zonzwsfl oll'qyi UNITED STATES" PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS HOWARD HOLROYD, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OE ONE-HALF To ROBERT DONALD DoUGLAs MGLEA'N, or WESTMINSTER, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING POWER.

Specification of Letters Patent. 2

Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

Application filed April 26, 1917. Serial No. 164,797.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS HowARn H01.- ROYD, a subject of His Majesty the Kmg of England, and residentof Northumberland avenue, London, in the county ofLondon, Kingdom of England, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Apparatus for Generating Power, of which the following is a spec1 fication. V

The present invention relates to improvements in internal combustion apparatus for generating power in combination with a reversible'turbine attached or adjoining thereto. The objectof my invention is to provide a machine that will be simple in design and construction and easily accessible for repairs. c

In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a part sectional and outslde general view of the apparatus for generating power.

Fig. 2 is a part sectional and outside general view of the generating apparatus and reversible turbinewheels.

Figs. 3 and 4: are sectional views, on the lines 33 and 4-4 respectively, of: Fig. 5, of the cut-off valves in the valve blocks.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a valve block on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3. V

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a portion of a valve block on the line 66, Fig.

Fig. 7 is an extended plan or edge v1ew of part of the periphery of one of the turblne wheels, and j j Figs; 8 and 9 are views showing two forms of tappet mechanism suitable for operating the cut-off valves. j

According to the form of the invention shown in these drawings, I provide a series of piston heads a which are fixed to a circular piston rod Z). These are inserted into and'adapted to reciprocateina divided, hollow and endless cylinder 0 whichis divided into sections by chambered valve blocks d 7 which are secured in the said cylinder. The piston heads a are PI'OVlClGCl withexpanding rings 0 and, where necessary, the piston heads a are made 1n two halves a, a so, as to allow a number of pls'tonheads and valve blocks to be threaded and afiixed to the pise ton rod- 1) by known means. The valve blocks d for attachment to the cylinder, may also be similarly formed in sections as shown by d, d The cylinder is divided into two the blocks.

halves c, 0 so that the numerous piston heads and piston valve blocks can be assembled en bloc in their relative positions, and the parts of the cylinder are fixed together by known means, such as bolts, set screws or the like. The cylinder is water jacketed at c and the joints are so shaped, grooved, ground, tongued or interlapped as to prevent leakage. In order to obtain the maxi mum amount of power for a given size-0f machine I preferably divide the cylinderc into eight or more chambers half of which lc, serve as compression chambers and the other half, 1c, ascombustion chambers by means of eight blocked. The division or valve drawn into the compression chambers k on the induction stroke and, when compressed, to be transferred to the reservoirs (i within These reservoirs d are provided with spring controlled Walls d which yield to the pressure of the compressed mixture and, when the outlet ports are opened, serve to force a mixture of air, fuel and cool ing liquid into the explosion chambers 70.

The division or valve blocks dare employed in conjunction with valved measuring chambers g and h, on the outside-of the cylinder 0, for fuel and cooling liquid,respectively, which form the explosivemixture with air drawn in from f. These chambers are connected to the valve blocks d by suitableconduits g and 72, and passages It. The circular flat cut-01f valves d and d in each of the blocks d are provided with port holes d and (5 respectively, which coact to allow the compressed explosive charge to pass from the. reservoirs d to the combustion chambers 70. The valves d? are suitably Operated so that the ports d and d are closed andthe ports (i inthe valves d opened to communicate with the ports (Z in the blocks (Z; Between. the blocked and thecylinder wall a is disposed a sleeve u having openings u and a which coact with conduits u and u connecting with the turbine wheels Z through separate pairs of pipes, sucha's 9, 10, 11 and 12, and inclined nozzles 72. One of each of the pairs of pipes 9, 10, 11 and 12, serves for forward'driving and the other for reverse driving, and the pairs of pipes 9 and 11 serve the outsides of the wheels and the pairs of pipes 10 and 12 theinsides of same. The sleeve 16 is operated by any suitable means and, as shown in Fig. 3, serves in conjunction with the pipes, to supply a dual control for the turbine wheels ,Z, for the construction is such that when the ports 0Z 03 10', and u are in communication with each other the supply of hot exploded gases to the wheels Z is through oneset of pipes, say the forward pipes of the pairs 9 to 12, for forward driving and when the ports d d, a and M4 are in communication'with each other the supply of hot gases to the wheels Z is through the other set of pipes, say the rearward pipes of the pairs 9 to 12, for reverse driving. The connections of the hot gas supply pipes with the turbine wheels and the blocks d and the number of such pipes served by each block may vary as desired and in accordance with the number of corn centric series of blades provided in each turbine wheel. In the arrangement shown in Fig.2 each block serves four pairs of pipes and four series of blades on'each side of each wheel while the block shown in Fig. 3 is capable of supplying six pairs of pipes which may be connected to the wheels at different points around their peripheries.

The air for each compression chamber passes through the inlet f, the tube 7 and the valve 7, which opens toward the right, into the chamber f under the action of the piston a during the induction stroke of the latter, and fuel is forced by the pump 5/ into said chamber f through the tube 9 and the nonrrcturn valve 9 which opens toward the left. The fuel passes with the induced air out of the chamber f and through the non-return valve 2' and the port i into the compression chamber. The outer ends of the chambers f are closed by screw-on caps, not shown. 'The travel of the pistons 7&2 of the chambers is so adjusted that the amount of cooling liquid forced into the chambers d by the pistons is such that it can be vaporized by the explosions in the lates through suitable conduits notshown,

until it reaches the main shaft I) through the openings 7'. 1

The turbine wheels Z may form part of the multiple compound power generator, and in this case, for convenience, the genorator may be incased inside a casing which could envelop the turbine wheels, thus the delivery of the ejected exhaust gases from the generator would be direct on 'to the able conveyers and inclined nozzles formed in the casings or separately as desired. A rotary, or fixed center hollow shaft 0 is brought through the casing of the turbine wheels and carried by a suitable support,

and the turbine wheels revolve with or on the shaft as preferred.

Each turbine wheel preferably comprises radial central web portions p and concern tric web portions 9 to form diamond or box like sections 1' from which generate a numvided with adjustable rods or levers and bell cranks as indicated in Fig.1, and are attached, one to the other, so that the power for operating the several'parts is obtained from the piston rod 6. The supply of fuel and cooling liquid can be contained within concentrically arranged reservoirsor chambers s and t, disposed around the main shaft 0 and within the area between said shaft and the hollow endless circular cylinder c.- These chambers are connected to the meas-' uring chambers g and h by suitably disposed pipes g and k as shown in Figfl. The turbines may be arranged in the center of the generator casing ifdesired in the place of the reservoirs or chambers s and t.

The operations of the ap aratus above described are as follows s'the pistons 1,

2, 3, ands: move clockwise to the positions shown in Fig. 1 they draw in air and fuel through the blocks 42 on their left and through 7, g, z and'c' into the compression chambers is on their left sides, the ports d and d being out of alinement and the ports (i and 03 in alinement: similarly, as said pistons return and move anticlockwise they draw in a like mixture through the blocks 7 power blades'of the turbines through suit-'" (Z on their right into said chambers 70 but on 7 their reverse sides, the ports 03 ,11 d and cl? in these blocks beingsimilarly disposed.

In both cases, as the pistons move back in either direction after drawing 1n charges of fuel and air into the chambers 70 they compress the charges through the'ports v1 and'past the valvesz" into the reservoirs d the valve ports d and (Z and the ports d and d being, in the'meantime, out of alinement. In this manner both sides of each of; the pistons l-to 4: each act to alternately draw in and then compress charges of air and fuel and the four chambers k act as suction and compression chambers on both sides of said pistons.

As the pistons 5, 6, 7, and 8 move clockwise they force and eject the hot gases of charges previously exploded in the combustion chambers k, and on their right sides through. the alining ports 03 andal in the blocks d on their right and through the connecting pipes and nozzles n to-the turbine wheels, the ports (Z and d being, in the meantime, closed; similarly, as said pistons return and move anti-clockwise they force hot gases from the chambers 76 and on their left sides throughthe blocks on their left, the ports d d, d and d in these blocks being similarly disposed. In both cases, when the pistons reach their extreme right or left positions the ports (i and d nearest to them. are closed, and the ports 03 and d are momentarily moved into alinement thus allowing the explosive charges previously compressed in the correspondingreservoirs d to flow, assisted by the spring pressed movable walls d into the chambers k. At the same time cooling liquid is forced by the pistons k through h into the chambers. These compressed charges are then exploded by a correct timing of a suitable ignition mechanism and the pistons are started on their return :movements. Directly the pistions begin to move under the influence of the charges exploded on their right or left side the ports 6Z6 andv d in the blocks on that side are closed again, the ports d and al being out of alinement until" the pistons commence their return movements. In this manner both sides of each of the pistons 5 to 8 are each acted upon by an exploded charge and then eject the hot gases on that side, and the four chambers act as combustion-and exhaust chambers.

The means for operating the movable disk valves d to obtain the proper cooperation of the ports (Z and 0V, and the ports 03 and (Z10 at the correct moments may be of any suitable construction and arrangement, and may include tappet rods b, Figs. 8 and 9, adapted to be directly or indirectly, operated by the piston heads a. The operative connection between the valves (Z and the tappet rods 1) canpartake of any convenient 4 d aline with the ports al while the middle position shown in'the figure, would be such that none of the ports would coincide with one another. In Fig. 9 an enlargement 41. on the rod 6 coacts with inclined surfaces 0 formed on a member d suitably secured to the valve 03 If desired the spindles o of'the bell-crank levers o of Fig. 8 may be extended exteriorly of the cylinder 0 and carry other bell-crank levers which operate further bell-crank levers and links actuating make and break contacts for the ignition and, also, if desired, insuring simultaneous operation of the valves d in all the blocks-d. What'I claimisz- 1. Internal combustion apparatus for generating power,'comprising a circular casing, a series of pistons'mounted to reciprocate within said casing and secured to apiston rod common to them all, and stationary valve blocks arranged within the casing and between the pistons.

2. Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casliquid measuring chambers arranged around the casing.

4. Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casing, a series of pistons mounted to reciprocate within said casing and secured to a pis ton rod common to them all, valve blocks between the pistons, ported cooperating disk valves fitted within said valve blocks, and means for operating certain of said disk valves. v

p 5. Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casing, a'series of pistons mounted to reciprocate within said casing and secured to a piston rod common to them all, valve blocks between the pistons, and one or more turbine wheels in communication with the generator formed by the casing, pistons, piston rod and valve blocks.

6, Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casing, a plurality of pistons mounted to reciprocate within said casing and secured to a piston rod common to them all, stationary valve blocks arranged within the casing and between the pistons, reservoirs for compressed charges of explosive mixture and cooling liquid, and inlet and outlet valves fitted within the valve blocks.

7 Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casciprocate within said casing and secured to a piston rod common to them all, stationary valve blocks arranged within the casing and between the pistons, reservoirs for .'compressed charges of explosive mixture and cooling liquid, ported cooperating'valves fitted within the valve blocks, means for operatingcertain of said valves, and non-return valves also within the valve blocks. s

v 8. Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casing, a plurality of pistons mounted to reciprocate within said casing and secured to a piston rod common to them all, stationary valve blocks arranged within the casing and between the. pistons, reservoirs for compressed charges of explosive mixture and cooling liquid, ported cooperating valves fitted within the valve blocks, means for operating certain of said valves, and non-return valves and movable explosive mixture and cooling liquid expelling walls also fitted within the valve blocks.

between the pistons, reservoirs for compressed charges of explosive mixture and cooling liquid, ported cooperating valves fitted within the valve blocks, means for operating certain of said valves, non return valves andmovable explosive mixture and cooling liquid expelling -walls also fitted within the valve blocks, and fuel and cooling liquid measuring. chambers communicating with said reservoirs. V 7

10. Internal combustion apparatus for generating power, comprising a circular casing, a plurality of pistons mounted to reciprocate within said casing and secured to a sleeves which cooperate with certain of said.

signed my name.

HOWARD HOLROYD. 

